稳定同位素技术对贵州青菜洞和癞子洞营养级关系的研究

本文应用稳定同位素技术对贵州喀斯特洞穴青菜洞和癞子洞生态系统的营养级关系进行研究。结果表明,青菜洞和癞子洞食物链的碳源主要为洞穴内土壤有机质,为第一营养级(即初级生产者);洞穴内软体动物的螺类和节肢动物的裸灶螽、马陆等主要以土壤有机质和颗粒有机物为食,为第二营养级(即初级消费者);洞穴内的节肢动物的蜘蛛类和脊椎动物主要以其他动物为食物,为第三营养级(即次级消费者)。本文中青菜洞Δδ15 N的富集因子为2.9‰,癞子洞Δδ15 N的富集因子为2.46‰。     

岩溶洞穴土壤颗粒分析及其对水土流失的研究意义

岩溶洞穴中的土壤作为一类洞穴沉积,具有很好的学术研究价值,但目前利用洞穴土壤来研究水土流失的成果还很少.2010年8月、9月在贵州毕节、清镇、花江的三个洞穴和一条地下河中采取了洞穴土样,然后在室内用比重计速测法对洞穴土壤进行了颗粒分析并将其与地表土壤进行对比研究.研究发现,洞穴土壤颗粒中粘粒含量远高于地表土壤,土壤通过...     

煤炭开采对辛安泉域地下水系统环境影响的分析

由于经济的飞速发展及能源需求的急剧膨胀,只有加速煤炭开采才能为国民经济提供重要支撑,但是,煤炭开采势必会对地下水环境造成严重破坏。介绍了长治地区煤炭资源及其开采现状,阐述了辛安泉岩溶水系统及水资源状况,分析了长治地区煤炭开采对辛安泉域岩溶水系环境的影响,探讨了由此引发的相关问题,提出了辛安泉域水资源的综合利用和防治措施。     

Characteristics of strontium isotopes and their implications in the Qixing Cave of Guizhou,China

The strontium isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr) of samples including soils, bedrock, soil waters, drip waters and their corresponding speleothems in the Qixing Cave (QXC), Guizhou Province, China, were systemically measured and analyzed. The results indicate that there are significant Sr isotopic differences among samples. The mean 87Sr/86Sr ratios in drip water for the samples 1#, 4# and 9# were 0.709568, 0.709139 and 0.708761, respectively, which possibly result from different flow paths, residence times, and other hydrogeological processes in the unsaturated zone overlying QXC. Meanwhile, levels of 40.8%, 57.6% and 72.4% of Sr in drip waters for 1#, 4# and 9#, respectively, were derived from bedrock dissolution, which was calculated by the mixture model of the two end-members (soil and bedrock). There is, however, no positive correlation between the relative proportion from bedrock dissolution (δ13C value is 1.8‰) and drip water δ13CDIC values. The mean drip water δ13CDIC value in 1# is the heaviest (–4.5‰) with the lowest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution, whereas the value in 9# is the lightest (–9.3‰) with the highest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution. The proportion from host rock dissolution in 4# is higher than that in 1# and lower than that in 9#, while its mean drip water δ13CDIC value (–8.6‰) is higher than that of 9# and lower than that for 1#. This suggests that the prior calcite precipitation (PCP) processes in the unsaturated zone overlying the cave are responsible for the δ13CDIC value differences between different drip waters, and not bedrock dissolution. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of speleothems in the 1# and 4# mainly reflect the variation in the relative proportions from the soil system (soil water) and bedrock dissolution overlying the cave. It is, therefore, feasible to use the strontium isotopic signals of speleothems as an indicator for soil chemical weathering intensity, and consequently as a monsoon proxy in the study area.     

退化喀斯特地区植被恢复过程中苔藓的先锋作用

在贵州花江喀斯特高原生态综合治理试验示范区内采集苔藓植物样品,鉴别了主要苔藓种类,测定苔藓植物的持水性能,分析了苔藓、岩石接触面形成土壤的化学性质。结果表明：试验区内苔藓植物共有11科26属65种,以藓类植物为主;自然状态下苔藓植物含水率为36 %～898 %;新鲜苔藓持水率为2123 %～5159 %;苔藓、岩石接触面的土壤属于土壤养分分级的一级标准,各项养分指标亦明显高于对照样地。苔藓植物对喀斯特石漠生境有极强的适应性,是石漠化及其他退化生态系统进行人工生态恢复中理想的物种选择。     

喀斯特山地不同人工林土壤特性差异与综合评价

通过野外采样和室内分析,研究贵州喀斯特山地不同人工林土壤特性的差异及影响因子,选择12个能反映土壤肥力质量的定量指标,采用主成分分析方法,对滇柏、桤木、杜仲、刺槐和冰脆李共5种人工林的土壤肥力进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)5种人工林土壤理化及酶活性间存在较大差异,不同林分土壤酶活性和土壤理化性质之间的相关性也存在明显差异;(2)采用PCA综合评判法可知,提取的3个主成分能反映土壤全部指标信息的93.44%;(3)不同林分土壤肥力综合指标值从大到小依次为桤木林、刺槐林、杜仲林、冰脆李林、滇柏林。     

喀斯特地区土地资源利用特征分析——以罗句县为例

罗甸县是贵州喀斯特分布面积较大、石漠化面积较大的区域。本文通过对罗甸县土地资源利用的特征分析,提出合理利用土地资源的途径,希望能为罗甸县土地利用规划和土地可持续开发利用提供帮助。     

Heteromysoides (Crustacea: Mysidacea: Heteromysini) from a submarine cave on Grand Cayman,the Caribbean Sea: descriptions of a new and a rare species

During a recent biological investigation of submarine caves of Grand Cayman, the Caribbean Sea, two species of Heteromysoides were collected. One species, referred to Heteromysoides spongicola B?cescu, 1968 Baˇcescu, M, 1968. Heteromysini nouveaux des eaux cubaines: trois espèces nouvelles de Heteromysis et Heteromysoides spongicola n. g. n. sp., Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Zoologie 13 (1968), pp. 221–237. [Google Scholar], is known only by the type specimens; therefore, this discovery marks the second record of occurrence and a new habitat record for the species. The other species is considered new and is described as H. stenoura, a 10th species of the genus. The new species closely resembles H. simplex Hanamura and Kase, 2001 Hanamura, Y, and Kase, T, 2001. A new species of Heteromysoides (Mysidacea: Mysidae) from submarine caves of Okinawa, southwestern Japan, with a key to the world species, Crustacean Research 30 (2001), pp. 65–71.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar], known from the submarine caves of Okinawa, north-western Pacific, in the possession of a spiniform process on the eyes and a simple termination to the third thoracic endopod. However, the new species can be readily distinguished from the Pacific congener by a distally narrow telson and a more developed cornea in the eyes.     

The freshwater shrimps of the genera Caridina and Parisia from karst caves of Sulawesi Selatan,Indonesia, with descriptions of three new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae)

The present study reports on collections of hypogean freshwater atyid shrimps of the genera Caridina Milne Edwards, 1837 Milne Edwards, H. 1837. Histoire naturalle des Crustacés, Comprenant l'Anatomie, la Physiologie et la Classification de ces Animaux, Vol. 2, 1–532. Paris (France): Libraire Encyclopedique de Roret.  [Google Scholar], and Parisia Holthuis, 1956 Holthuis, L. B. 1956. The troglobic Atyidae of Madagascar (Crudtacea, Decapoda, Natantia), Mem Inst Sci Madagascar ser.. A., 11: 97–110.  [Google Scholar], obtained from the karst caves and associated epigean waters of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Six species of Caridina were present, of which two are new to science and one is new to Sulawesi, as well as one new species of Parisia. Types of Caridina pareparensis De Man, 1892 De Man, J. G. 1892. Decapoden des Indischen Archipels.. Zool Ergebn Reise Niederland Ost‐Ind., 2: 265–527. pl. 15–29 [Google Scholar], and C. pareparensis parvidentata Roux, 1904 Roux, J. 1904. Décapodes d'eau douce de Cèlébes (Genres Caridina et Potamon).. Rev Suisse Zool., 12(3): 539–572. pl. 9 [Google Scholar], were re‐examined and redescribed; lectotypes for both taxa are designated. Caridina pareparensis parvidentata is here regarded as a distinct species. The new taxa are described, figured and compared with congeners.     

于奇西地区岩溶圈闭落实技术研究

为了扩大塔河油田主体,在塔河外围建立一个新的建产阵地,对于奇西三维地震资料进行精细解释,应用振幅变化率技术、精细相干体技术、趋势面分析、模型正演等技术,深入研究该区储层发育模式,盖层条件及储盖组合,精确描述油气藏成藏机制。并通过分析塔河主体已发现岩溶圈闭的测井、地震资料的地球物理响应,总结发现地震"串珠状"反射、岩溶"残丘高"为油气成藏有利区带。据此,在塔河于奇西地区识别描述了三级圈闭18个,合计面积298.3km2。